Filed 10/31/18 P. v. Bray CA2/3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Richard H. Kirschner, Judge. Affirmed.

Paul R. Kraus, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.

Xavier Becerra, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Assistant Attorney General, Scott A. Taryle and Viet H. Nguyen, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

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A jury found Ernest Bray, Jr., (Bray) guilty of robbery and assault with a deadly weapon. The trial court imposed a consecutive sentence on the assault with a deadly weapon count. Bray appeals, contending that Penal Code section 654[1] precluded the consecutive sentence. We find that the consecutive sentence was proper and therefore affirm the judgment.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On October 17, 2016, loss prevention agents Erik Alvarez and Hugo Jimenez were working at Jons Market. They saw Bray leave the store without paying for a bottle of vodka. Alvarez and Jimenez followed Bray outside, where they identified themselves as loss prevention agents. Bray pointed a knife at them and said, “[G]et the fuck away.” However, Bray did not thrust or “slash” the knife at Alvarez and Jimenez. When Alvarez said all he wanted was the vodka, Bray put the bottle into a nearby shopping cart and left.

Based on this event, an amended information charged Bray with robbery (§ 211; count 1) and assault with a deadly weapon (§ 245, subd. (a)(1); count 2). He was also charged with personal use of a dangerous and deadly weapon (§ 12022, subd. (b)(1)) as to count 1. Both counts identified only Alvarez as the sole victim. On April 20, 2017, a jury found Bray guilty of both counts and, as to the robbery, found true the weapon allegation (§ 12022, subd. (b)(1)). The verdict forms also identified Alvarez as the victim in both counts.

On July 14, 2017, the trial court sentenced Bray to two years on the robbery plus 2 five-year terms under section 667, subdivision (a)(1).[2] On the assault with a deadly weapon count, the court sentenced Bray to a consecutive one year. Bray’s total sentence therefore was 13 years.

DISCUSSION

Bray’s sole contention is the trial court erred by imposing the one-year sentence consecutively on count 2 instead of staying it under section 654. The People counter that the sentence was proper under the multiple victim exception. As we now explain, we conclude that the multiple victim exception applies, and therefore the consecutive sentence was proper.

Section 654, subdivision (a), provides that “[a]n act or omission . . . punishable in different ways by different provisions of law shall be punished under the provision that provides for the longest potential term of imprisonment, but [not] . . . under more than one provision.” The section thus bars multiple punishments for offenses arising out of a single occurrence where all were incident to an indivisible course of conduct or a single objective. (People v. Correa (2012) 54 Cal.4th 331, 335; People v. Jones (2012) 54 Cal.4th 350, 358.)

However, “section 654 does not apply to ‘crimes . . . against multiple victims.’ ” (People v. King (1993) 5 Cal.4th 59, 78; People v. Oates (2004) 32 Cal.4th 1048, 1062; People v. Centers (1999) 73 Cal.App.4th 84, 99 (Centers).) “ ‘The purpose of the protection against multiple punishment is to insure that the defendant’s punishment will be commensurate with his criminal liability. A defendant who commits an act of violence with the intent to harm more than one person or by a means likely to cause harm to several persons is more culpable than a defendant who harms only one person. For example, a defendant who chooses a means of murder that places a planeload of passengers in danger, or results in injury to many persons, is properly subject to greater punishment than a defendant who chooses a means that harms only a single person. This distinction between an act of violence against the person that violates more than one statute and such an act that harms more than one person is well settled. Section 654 is not “. . . applicable where . . . one act has two results each of which is an act of violence against the person of a separate individual.” ’ ” (Oates, at p. 1063.) Thus, the multiple victim exception applies so long as each violent offense involves at least one different victim. (People v. Miller (1977) 18 Cal.3d 873, 886, fn. 11; People v. Robinson (1988) 198 Cal.App.3d 674, 680.)

Here, the People do not dispute that the robbery and assault with a deadly weapon were part of an indivisible course of conduct, and therefore section 654 would generally apply. The People instead argue that the multiple victim exception to that general rule applies because the evidence showed that Bray committed an act of violence[3] against multiple victims: Alvarez and Jimenez. Bray responds that the multiple victim exception does not apply because the information and verdicts identified only one victim: Alvarez.

The People have the better argument, under Centers, supra, 73 Cal.App.4th 84. In Centers, the defendant entered a residence and kidnapped one of its three occupants. Consecutive sentencing on both the burglary[4] and kidnapping charges was permissible because, although the information did not allege the specific victims of the burglary, there was evidence that at least one victim of the burglary was not a victim of the kidnapping. (Id. at pp. 101–102.) The court said, “We know of no case in which the court declined to apply the multiple victim exception simply because the victims had not been named in the information. Ordinarily, in determining whether . . . section 654 applies, the trial court is entitled to make any necessary factual findings not already made by the jury.” (Id. at p. 101.) Thus, where substantial evidence supports a trial court’s implied finding of multiple victims, section 654 does not apply. (Ibid.; see People v. Cardenas (2015) 239 Cal.App.4th 220, 232, fn. 4 [insufficient evidence second person was present at time of offense].)

Under Centers, supra, 73 Cal.App.4th 84, that the information and verdicts here identified only Alvarez as the victim of the robbery and of the assault with a deadly weapon is not a bar to consecutive sentencing. Stated otherwise, naming Alvarez as the victim in the information and verdicts did not preclude a finding that Jimenez was also a victim for the purposes of the multiple victim exception. That is particularly true where, as here, jury instructions did not identify Alvarez as the sole victim but instead referred to a “store employee” for the purposes of robbery and to a “person” for the purposes of assault with a deadly weapon, and where the prosecutor never argued in closing that Alvarez was the only victim but instead talked about both loss prevention agents.

Finally, substantial evidence supports the trial court’s implied finding that Jimenez was also a victim of robbery and of assault with a deadly weapon. (See generally People v. Jones (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 1139, 1143.) Both Alvarez and Jimenez testified they followed Bray out of the store and that Bray pointed a knife at them. Bray does not challenge the sufficiency of this evidence to establish Jimenez was a victim of Bray’s crimes for the purposes of the multiple victim exception.

DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.

DHANIDINA, J.

We concur:

EDMON, P. J.

GOODMAN, J.*